Недавно я установил Linux Mint 18.2 на новый ПК, содержащий 2 твердотельных накопителя SanDisk. Установка завершена без ошибок.
После настройки всего программного обеспечения, необходимого на этом новом ПК, я заметил, что производительность диска невероятно низкая, в частности, скорость записи. Например, dd показывает в среднем около 3,5 МБ / с:
$ dd bs=1M count=256 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync
256+0 records in
256+0 records out
268435456 bytes (268 MB, 256 MiB) copied, 61.9192 s, 4.3 MB/s
$ dd bs=1M count=256 if=/dev/urandom of=test conv=fdatasync
256+0 records in
256+0 records out
268435456 bytes (268 MB, 256 MiB) copied, 86.7794 s, 3.1 MB/s
Я не уверен, где вообще начать искать, чтобы диагностировать или исправить это. Это делает этот очень быстрый ПК практически непригодным для использования.
Файловая система установлена в ext4 и смонтирована с параметрами noatime,errors=remount-ro в /etc/fstab .
Я попытался понизить / отключить Advanced Power Management (hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda), и я также вручную запустил TRIM для root fs (fstrim /). Ни один из них, казалось, не имел никакого значения.
Я уверен, что копирование файла размером 25 МБ на тот же диск и раздел, что и сам исходный файл, не займет 15 секунд:
$ stat test
File: 'test'
Size: 26214400 Blocks: 51200 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 10880436 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 1000/ aps) Gid: ( 1000/ aps)
Access: 2017-10-14 15:48:24.460658106 -0500
Modify: 2017-10-14 15:37:22.577357279 -0500
Change: 2017-10-14 15:37:22.577357279 -0500
Birth: -
$ \time -v cp test test.out
Command being timed: "cp test test.out"
User time (seconds): 0.03
System time (seconds): 0.00
Percent of CPU this job got: 0%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:14.36
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 2188
Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 134
Voluntary context switches: 1452
Involuntary context switches: 1
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 51200
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0
hdparm показывает следующие детали:
$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: SanDisk SD8TB8U512G1001
Serial Number: 165125801567
Firmware Revision: X4133101
Media Serial Num:
Media Manufacturer:
Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0110)
Supported: 9 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 9
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 0
heads 16 0
sectors/track 63 0
--
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 1000215216
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 488386 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 512110 MBytes (512 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Form Factor: 2.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 1 Current = 1
Advanced power management level: 254
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Advanced Power Management feature set
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* 64-bit World wide name
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
unknown 119[8]
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Phy event counters
* READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
Device-initiated interface power management
* Software settings preservation
Device Sleep (DEVSLP)
* reserved 69[4]
* DOWNLOAD MICROCODE DMA command
* WRITE BUFFER DMA command
* READ BUFFER DMA command
* Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks)
* Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM
Security:
Master password revision code = 1
supported
not enabled
not locked
frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5001b448b48ce759
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 001b44
Unique ID : 8b48ce759
Device Sleep:
DEVSLP Exit Timeout (DETO): 30 ms (drive)
Minimum DEVSLP Assertion Time (MDAT): 30 ms (drive)
Checksum: correct
Второй SSD, установленный на ПК, в настоящее время не отформатирован. Можно ли подготовить этот другой диск таким образом, чтобы решить эту проблему, сохранив скопированную на него текущую установку / конфигурацию пользовательского пространства Mint? Это будет кошмаром, чтобы переустановить все программное обеспечение, которое было установлено на этом медленном диске.
редактировать
Системные характеристики от inxi:
$ inxi -Fz
System: Host: dapadev Kernel: 4.8.0-53-generic i686 (32 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.4.3
Distro: Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya
Machine: System: LENOVO product: 30B7000YUS v: ThinkStation P710
Mobo: LENOVO model: 1030 v: SBB0J05441 WIN 3305058809791 Bios: LENOVO v: S01KT40A date: 05/04/2017
CPU: Octa core Intel Xeon E5-2620 v4 (-HT-MCP-) cache: 20480 KB
clock speeds: max: 3000 MHz 1: 2099 MHz 2: 2100 MHz 3: 2120 MHz 4: 2100 MHz 5: 2099 MHz 6: 2100 MHz
7: 2299 MHz 8: 2100 MHz
Graphics: Card: NVIDIA GK107GL [Quadro K420]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: nvidia (unloaded: fbdev,vesa,nouveau)
Resolution: 1680x1050@59.95hz
GLX Renderer: Quadro K420/PCIe/SSE2 GLX Version: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 375.66
Audio: Card-1 NVIDIA GK107 HDMI Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.8.0-53-generic
Card-2 Intel C610/X99 series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Network: Card-1: Intel Ethernet Connection (2) I218-LM driver: e1000e
IF: eth0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
Card-2: Intel I210 Gigabit Network Connection driver: igb
IF: eth1 state: down mac: <filter>
Card-3: Intel I210 Gigabit Network Connection driver: igb
IF: eth2 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
Drives: HDD Total Size: 2024.4GB (2.1% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: SanDisk_SD8TB8U5 size: 512.1GB
ID-2: /dev/sdb model: SanDisk_SD8TB8U5 size: 512.1GB ID-3: /dev/sdc model: ST1000DM003 size: 1000.2GB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 438G used: 8.9G (3%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1
ID-2: swap-1 size: 34.24GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda5
RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 43.0C mobo: N/A gpu: 53C
Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Info: Processes: 275 Uptime: 3 days Memory: 1887.9/32323.8MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
Детали диска от lsblk:
$ lsblk -Sfalt
NAME HCTL TYPE VENDOR MODEL REV TRAN NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT NAME ALIGNMENT MIN-IO OPT-IO PHY-SEC LOG-SEC ROTA SCHED RQ-SIZE RA WSAME
sdb 3:0:0:0 disk ATA SanDisk SD8TB8U5 3101 sata sdb sdb 0 512 0 512 512 0 deadline 128 128 0B
sr0 6:0:0:0 rom PLDS DVD-RW DH16AFSH DL3M sata sr0 sr0 0 512 0 512 512 1 deadline 128 128 0B
sdc 4:0:0:0 disk ATA ST1000DM003-1SB1 CC62 sata sdc sdc 0 4096 0 4096 512 1 deadline 128 128 0B
sda 2:0:0:0 disk ATA SanDisk SD8TB8U5 3101 sata sda sda 0 512 0 512 512 0 deadline 128 128 0B
Информация о диске от smartctl:
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [i686-linux-4.8.0-53-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SanDisk SD8TB8U512G1001
Serial Number: 165125801567
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 8b48ce759
Firmware Version: X4133101
User Capacity: 512,110,190,592 bytes [512 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Oct 14 16:05:13 2017 CDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 16) The self-test routine was aborted by
the host.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x11) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 10) minutes.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 4
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 519
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 309
170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
171 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
172 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
173 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
174 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 48
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 100
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 068 033 --- Old_age Always - 32 (Min/Max 23/33)
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0033 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 16772743
234 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 90
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0030 253 253 --- Old_age Offline - 101
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0030 253 253 --- Old_age Offline - 13
249 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 40
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Aborted by host 00% 519 -
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported